here's a quickie...
voltmeter - look to see its around 12volts. if lower, maybe ur alternator or battery kong, u have been using radio or lights without switching on the engine. if volts lower than 12 after shutdown engine may not start.
oil press - see the pressure at idle. anything lower than that means the oil pump kong, or oil pan leak. no oil press equals no lubrication, engine will become instant fireworks.
fuel press - important for turbo. the normal press is when you are driving normally. when driving hard, if fuel pressure becomes lower than usual, back off. it could mean the fuel pump kong, u r boosting over your fuel supply capacity etc. not enough fuel, engine can become fireworks also.
vacuum,boost meter - not important in NA cars (vacuum meter) but boost meter important in turbo cars. to see whats the current boost level, if turbo is working okay, wastegate functional or not etc.
exhaust temp - important for turbo cars. lower than normal means too much fuel. hotter than normal too little fuel. used mainly in tuning the engine alongside the air fuel ratio meter.
air fuel ratio meter - the normal "kedai abang" type doesnt tell you much. the wide band type is used for tuning the engine. tells you how much air and fuel the engine burns from an oxygen sensor in the exhaust.
anything that i miss??