The MAF or Mass Air Flow sensor is the part between the stock air box and the flat, square resonator. Image below...
It's function is to measure the mass of air going into the engine. This information is sent to the ECU, which enables it to calculate the correct amount of fuel to inject into the motor.
There are several types of MAF. The older ones found on the cars of the early 90's used to consist of a spring loaded flap inside a housing connected to a variable resistor. Air going into the motor passed through this housing and pushed back the flap. How far the flap was pushed indicated the mass of air going into the motor. This type air mass measuring device was also called an AFM or Air Flow Mass meter and is still in use today, but no longer appears on newer cars.
Air Flow Mass meter (Flap Type) - notice the squarish, angular housing.
Our MAF is a hot-wire type measuring device. Inside a tubular housing, a heated platinum wire maintained at constant temperature is stretched across the air channel. As the mass of air passes through the MAF, heat is drawn away from the wire. The MAF's electronic control will compensate by pumping more voltage into the wire to maintain the temperature. How much additional voltage is pumped into the wire is measured by the ECU and forms the basis of calculation of injector pulse width.
Z32 MAF similar in shape and design to our own A32 versions. Notice that the shape is tubular and the omission of the flap allows for a smaller, neater design.
Diagramatic representation showing the heated platinum wire...
To clean, simply remove and spray terminal cleaner or carb cleaner into the body and at the wire. Allow to properly air-dry before re-installing.
Under no circumstances ever try to dismantle the MAF nor to touch the wire.
Like all ECU sensors in the car, output readings are 0 - 5V. However, the difference is in the rate of increase of voltage. Flapper type MAF's produce a linear signal whereas hot-wire type MAF outputs are logarithmic in nature.
It is this difference that had made it impossible (for the casual d-i-y modder) to replace his ailing flapper with a more modern hot-wire type MAF as the different ECU's are programmed to expect a certain type of signal. The mod requires a sub-ECU to modify the MAF signal so that the ECU will accept it. The cost of this mod makes it impractical, and a lot of modders have simply thrown out the flapper in favour of an after-market MAP (Mass Air Pressure) type programmable ECU. But that's another story...
